The Bitcoin paper as published by Satoshi Nakamoto — a peer-to-peer electronic cash system without a trusted third party. This is the bitcoin.org PDF, hosted here unaltered. Copyright remains with the author or publisher. This is not a Block9 document.
Open the PDF in a new tab to read it as published. We host a byte-for-byte copy of the source file. We have not rewritten, annotated, or reformatted the paper.
