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Stacks: A Bitcoin Layer for Smart Contracts

Muneeb Ali and the sBTC working group · 2023

This PDF does not print an author line. Stacks.org credits the sBTC working group: Stacks core developers, Princeton computer scientists, Hiro, Trust Machines, Stacks founder Muneeb Ali, and the Stacks Foundation. Stacks began as Blockstack, created by Muneeb Ali and Ryan Shea, with Jude Nelson, Aaron Blankstein, and Michael J. Freedman on the earlier Blockstack papers (USENIX ATC 2016; technical whitepapers 2017 and 2019).

The Stacks whitepaper describing the Nakamoto release — Proof of Transfer, Bitcoin finality, and Clarity smart contracts. Also published at stx.is/nakamoto (same file). Hosted here unaltered. Copyright remains with the author or publisher. This is not a Block9 document.

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Open the PDF in a new tab to read it as published. We host a byte-for-byte copy of the source file. We have not rewritten, annotated, or reformatted the paper.

stacks-network.github.io/stacks/stacks.pdf